I am seeing this exception in our application as well. This seems to be happening randomly in the following scenario:
We have automatic form submission logic in our form. When all the input values are valid in the form, we programatically "click" the Next button to start the form processing. But it seems that the processing is taking a while and the form is still displayed in user's browser. Then user clicks on Next button again, and this exception would occur.

What i understood from reading forums is that the locks are used to synchronize transactions in the spring webflow - e.g., if a user clicks on Next button twice, the first Next action would hold onto the lock and release after it's done. The second Next click will be processed only after the first one releases the lock.

So, my initial assessment was that when the user manually clicked the Next button, it is trying to acquire the conversation lock, which was already used by the first programmatic click of Next button, causing the timeout.
To verify the above, we modified our form processing code so that it's taking longer than 30 seconds, and make second request to see if the timeout would occur. But no luck in reproducing error.

Can anyone explain what I am missing? Thanks!