classcast on FieldRetrievingFactoryBean trying to inject GenericDao

[rafanami]

Hi everyone. I've already searched on the forum for a post on this, but with no luck (sadly). So I'll ask you guys how to handle it.
I have a service bean, that have to be injected with a dao. This is pretty much common task, but I'm trying to inject a proxy dao (derived from Per Mellqvist article Don't repeat the Dao) in my business layer, and it keeps running with the same Exception - java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetr ievingFactoryBean
All my dao tests runs pretty much fine, but now I'm trying to run service tests, and is throwing this exception.

Here's my code:
serviceContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
	<aop:config>
		<aop:advisor id="serviceTx" advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* *..service.*Service.*(..))"/>
	</aop:config>    
	<tx:annotation-driven/>
	<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="*"/>
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
</beans>

serviceBeans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
	<tx:advice id="UfTxAdvice">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="persist" rollback-for="ServiceException" />
			<tx:method name="detach" rollback-for="ServiceException" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
	<bean id="ufService" class="com.controlfarma.service.impl.UfServiceImpl">
		<constructor-arg>
			<idref bean="ufDao"/>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
</beans>

daoBeans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">  
        <bean id="ufDao" parent="abstractDao">
        	<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.controlfarma.dao.UfDao" />
        	<property name="target">
        		<bean parent="abstractDaoTarget">
        			<constructor-arg value="com.controlfarma.model.Uf" />
        		</bean>
        	</property>
        </bean>
</beans>

Manageable.java

package net.dev.java.jnovice.service;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.service.exception.ServiceException;
public interface Manageable<Entity> extends Serializable {
    void persist(Entity entity) throws ServiceException;
    void detach(Serializable... pks) throws ServiceException;
    List<Entity> filterBy(Entity e);
    Entity retrieve(Serializable pk);
}

ServiceImpl.java

package net.dev.java.jnovice.service.impl;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.dao.Persistable;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.service.Manageable;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.service.exception.ServiceException;
public class ServiceImpl<Entity> implements Manageable<Entity> {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7161460115421961298L;
	private Persistable<Entity> dao;
	public ServiceImpl() {
	}
	public void detach(Serializable... pks) throws ServiceException {
	try {
			for (Serializable pk : pks) {
				dao.makeTransient(pk);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new ServiceException();
		}
	}
	public void persist(Entity entity) throws ServiceException {
		try {
			dao.makePersistent(entity);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new ServiceException();
		}
	}
	public Entity retrieve(Serializable pk) {
		return dao.doRetrieve(pk);
	}
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public List<Entity> filterBy(Entity e) {
		return dao.filterBy(e);
	}
	public Persistable<Entity> getDao() {
		return dao;
	}
	public void setDao(Persistable<Entity> dao) {
		this.dao = dao;
	}
}

UfService.java

package com.controlfarma.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.controlfarma.model.Uf;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.service.Manageable;
public interface UfService extends Manageable<Uf> {
	public static final String SPRING_NAME = "ufService";
	public List<Uf> searchByAll();
	public List<Uf> searchByNomeLike(String nome);
	public List<Uf> searchBySiglaExact(String sigla);
	public List<Uf> searchByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact(String nome, String sigla);
	public List<Object[]> scalarByAll();
	public List<Object[]> scalarByNomeLike(String nome);
	public List<Object[]> scalarBySiglaExact(String sigla);
	public List<Object[]> scalarByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact(String nome,
			String sigla);
	public List<Uf> filterBy(Uf filter);
}

UfServiceImpl.java

package com.controlfarma.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.controlfarma.dao.UfDao;
import com.controlfarma.model.Uf;
import com.controlfarma.service.UfService;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class UfServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<Uf> implements UfService {
	public UfServiceImpl(UfDao dao) {
		this.setDao(dao);
	}
	public List<Uf> filterBy(Uf filter) {
		return getDao().filterBy(filter);
	}
	public List<Object[]> scalarByAll() {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.scalarByAll();
	}
	public List<Object[]> scalarByNomeLike(String nome) {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.scalarByNomeLike(nome);
	}
	public List<Object[]> scalarByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact(String nome,
			String sigla) {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.scalarByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact(nome, sigla);
	}
	public List<Object[]> scalarBySiglaExact(String sigla) {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.scalarBySiglaExact(sigla);
	}
	public List<Uf> searchByAll() {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.searchByAll();
	}
	public List<Uf> searchByNomeLike(String nome) {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.searchByNomeLike(nome);
	}
	public List<Uf> searchByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact(String nome, String sigla) {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.searchByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact(nome, sigla);
	}
	public List<Uf> searchBySiglaExact(String sigla) {
		UfDao dao = (UfDao) getDao();
		return dao.searchBySiglaExact(sigla);
	}
}

Thanks in advance and best regards

Rafael Mauricio Nami

[karldmoore]

Is it possible to see the stacktrace?

[rafanami]

Sorry, I forgot to post the stacktrace too.
Here's the stacktrace

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.Trans actionAttributeSourceAdvisor': Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)' of type [org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.Transa ctionInterceptor] while setting bean property 'transactionInterceptor'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'sessionFactory' while setting bean property 'sessionFactory'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetr ievingFactoryBean
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'sessionFactory' while setting bean property 'sessionFactory'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetr ievingFactoryBean
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'sessionFactory' while setting bean property 'sessionFactory'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetr ievingFactoryBean
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationExce ption: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in URL [file:/C:/Ji/projetoIconix/clientesBackend/bin/daoContext.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetr ievingFactoryBean
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetr ievingFactoryBean
at net.dev.java.jnovice.hibernate.util.impl.FinderInt roductionInterceptor.invoke(FinderIntroductionInte rceptor.java:81)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethod Invocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java :161)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopPro xy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:202)
at $Proxy8.isSingleton(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstract BeanFactory.getObjectForBeanInstance(AbstractBeanF actory.java:1187)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstract BeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:265)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstract BeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:163)
at ...

Thanks in advance and Best regards
PS - I'm using Spring 2.0.3 with Hibernate 3 and Hibernate annotations

[karldmoore]

The stacktrace names the daoContext.xml as the problem. Is it possible to see that file as well?

[rafanami]

Sorry, here it goes
daoContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">
    <bean id="dataSource"
            class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="org.h2.Driver"/> 
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:h2:file:C:\projetos\database\ControlFarma.db"/>
        <property name="username" value="sa"/>
        <property name="password" value=""/>
        <property name="maxActive" value="10"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="5"/>
        <property name="maxWait" value="1000"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="namingStrategy"
          class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.FieldRetrievingFactoryBean">
        <property name="staticField" value="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy.INSTANCE"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="extendedFinderNamingStrategy"
        class="net.dev.java.jnovice.hibernate.util.impl.ExtendedFinderNamingStrategy" />
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="namingStrategy">
            <ref bean="namingStrategy" />
        </property>
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="hibernate-cfg.xml"/>            
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="transactionManager"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="finderIntroductionAdvisor" class="net.dev.java.jnovice.hibernate.util.impl.FinderIntroductionAdvisor"/>	
	<bean id="abstractDaoTarget"
          class="net.dev.java.jnovice.dao.hibernate.HibernateDao" abstract="true">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
            <property name="namingStrategy" ref="extendedFinderNamingStrategy" />        
    </bean>
    <bean id="abstractDao"
          class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>finderIntroductionAdvisor</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

The strange thing is that it works for my dao unit tests. Here is the dao proxy interface code:

package net.dev.java.jnovice.dao;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.List;
public interface Persistable<Entity> {
    void doEvict(Entity entity);
    Entity doRetrieve(Serializable pk);
    void makePersistent(Entity entity);
    void makeTransient(Serializable pk);
    void doInitialize(Entity entity);
    List<Entity> executeSearch(Method method, Object[] queryArgs);
    List<Object[]> executeScalar(Method method, Object[] queryArgs);
    List<Entity> executeFilter(Method method, Object[] filterArgs);
    List<Entity> filterBy(Entity e);
}

and the dao testcase:

package com.controlfarma.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.util.List;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.dao.test.hibernate.BaseDaoHibernateTest;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.controlfarma.model.Uf;
public class UfDaoTest extends BaseDaoHibernateTest{
	private Uf uf;
	private static UfDao dao;
	private static Long id;
	@BeforeClass
	public static void startTest() throws Exception{
		dao = (UfDao) ctx.getBean(UfDao.SPRING_NAME);
	}
	@AfterClass
	public static void finishTest() throws Exception {
		dao = null;
	}
	@Override
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		uf = new Uf();
		uf.setNome("test");
		uf.setSigla("tt");
		dao.makePersistent(uf);
		id = uf.getId();
	}
	@Override
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		uf = null;
		dao.makeTransient(id);
	}
	@Test
	public void searchByAll() throws Exception {
		List<Uf> result = dao.searchByAll();
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void searchByNomeLike() throws Exception {
		List<Uf> result = dao.searchByNomeLike("t");
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void searchBySiglaExact() throws Exception {
		List<Uf> result = dao.searchBySiglaExact("tt");
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void searchByNomeLikeSiglaExact() throws Exception {
		List<Uf> result = dao.searchByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact("t","tt");
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void filterBy() throws Exception {
		uf = new Uf();
		uf.setNome("t");
		uf.setSigla("tt");
		List<Uf> result = dao.filterBy(uf);
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void scalarByAll() throws Exception {
		List<Object[]> result = dao.scalarByAll();
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void scalarByNomeLike() throws Exception {
		List<Object[]> result = dao.scalarByNomeLike("t");
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void scalarBySiglaExact() throws Exception {
		List<Object[]> result = dao.scalarBySiglaExact("tt");
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
	@Test
	public void scalarByNomeLikeSiglaExact() throws Exception {
		List<Object[]> result = dao.scalarByNomeLikeAndSiglaExact("t","tt");
		assertNotNull(result);
		assertTrue(result.size() > 0);
	}
}

PS - the BaseDaoHibernateTest has simply the ApplicationContext and a method annotated with @BeforeClass that initializes the testcase.

Thanks in advance

Rafael Mauricio Nami

[karldmoore]

Ok, that makes a little more sense the problem seems to be with the FinderIntroductionAdvisor class. I would presume it's not checking or filtering out anything other than the type it expects. Is it possible to see the code for FinderIntroductionAdvisor?

[rafanami]

Here's FinderIntroductionAdvisor code

package net.dev.java.jnovice.hibernate.util.impl;
import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultIntroductionAdvisor;
public class FinderIntroductionAdvisor extends DefaultIntroductionAdvisor {
    public FinderIntroductionAdvisor()
    {
        // calls contructor passing the interceptor
        super(new FinderIntroductionInterceptor());
    }
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3571682438602577298L;
        
}

and FinderIntrodutionInterceptor.java

package net.dev.java.jnovice.hibernate.util.impl;
import net.dev.java.jnovice.dao.Persistable;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.springframework.aop.IntroductionInterceptor;
/**
 * Interceptor to execute queries based in methods defined in interfaces of<br>
 * dao layer.<br>
 * Class based in Per's Mellqvist article, <a href="http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-genericdao.html">Don't Repeat the Dao!</a> .
 *
 * @author Rafael Nami
 * @since 18/12/2006
 */
public class FinderIntroductionInterceptor implements IntroductionInterceptor {

    /**
     * Constant responsible for delimiting the search method name.<br>
     * 
     * @author Rafael Mauricio Nami
     * @since 18/12/2006
     */
    private static final String SEARCH_METHOD_NAME = "search";

    /**
     * Constant responsible for delimiting the scalar search method name.<br>
     * 
     * @author Rafael Mauricio Nami
     * @since 18/12/2006
     */
    public static final String SCALAR_LIST_METHOD_NAME = "scalar";
    
     /** Constant responsible for delimiting the filtering method name.<br>
     * 
     * @author Rafael Mauricio Nami
     * @since 18/12/2006
     */
    public static final String FILTER_LIST_METHOD_NAME = "filter";
    
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        // local variable declaration
        Persistable executor = null;
        String methodName = null;
        Object[] arguments = null;
        
        // defines the query executor
        executor = (Persistable) methodInvocation.getThis();
        
        // retrieves the method name
        methodName = methodInvocation.getMethod().getName();
        
        // retrieves the query execution arguments
        arguments = methodInvocation.getArguments();
        // If the method name starts with the search constant, executes the
        // search method in the Dao.
        if (methodName.startsWith(SEARCH_METHOD_NAME)) {
            return executor.executeSearch(methodInvocation.getMethod(),
                            arguments);
        // If the method name starts with the scalar constant, executes the
        // scalar search method in the Dao.
        } else if(methodName.startsWith(SCALAR_LIST_METHOD_NAME)){
            return executor.executeScalar(methodInvocation.getMethod(),
                            arguments);            
            
        // If the method name starts with the filter constant, executes the
        // search filter method in the Dao.
        }else if(methodName.startsWith(FILTER_LIST_METHOD_NAME)){
            return executor.executeFilter(methodInvocation.getMethod(),
                            arguments);
            
        // Else, pass the method
        }else{
            return methodInvocation.proceed();
        }
    }
    public boolean implementsInterface(Class arg0) {
        return arg0.isInterface()
                        && Persistable.class.isAssignableFrom(arg0);
    }
}

PS - I tried to configure the service passing the abstractDaoTarget (IE the genericDaoImplementation) but with no luck:
I tried to do the following on the serviceBeans.xml:

<bean id="ufService"
		class="com.controlfarma.service.impl.UfServiceImpl">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="net.dev.java.jnovice.dao.hibernate.HibernateDao">
				<constructor-arg value="com.controlfarma.model.Uf" />
				<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

[rafanami]

Thanx Karl for the insights.
I added an instanceof checking on the beginning of the invoke method of the FinderIntroductionInterceptor, and now it's passing this part . URRAY!!!!!!

// type check to ensure that the executor will be always a
		// Persistable instance.
		if (methodInvocation.getThis() instanceof Persistable) {
			// defines the query executor
			executor = (Persistable) methodInvocation.getThis();
			// Else, pass the method
		} else {
			return methodInvocation.proceed();
		}

But now it's showing another kind of demonic monsters . But hey, at least this time the exception is giving me clues on the configuration, right?
I'll try to check right now the beanFactory configurations.

Exception:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInC reationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource': Bean with name 'dataSource' has been injected into other beans [sessionFactory] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been wrapped (for example as part of auto-proxy creation). This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using 'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstract AutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAuto wireCapableBeanFactory.java:435)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.Abstract BeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:2 54)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultS ingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingleton BeanRegistry.java:144)
at ...

Thanks in advance

Rafael Mauricio Nami

[rafanami]

Couldn't find the right configuration to prevent this kind of behavior guys...
I tried to use all the combinations of autowire and depends-on, but with no luck. I wonder if I have to configure the ApplicationContext by hand... Or serving with a BeanPostProcessor... Don't know how to figure it out yet.

Thanks in advance and Best Regards

Rafael Mauricio Nami

[karldmoore]

Is it possible to see the full stacktrace, wrapped in code tags. It seems like it's complaining that something wraps the bean after it's been injected. Are you using autowiring anywhere?